Combination-padlock



H. H. DANIELS. COMBINATION PADLOGK.

Patented July 1, 1890.

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L IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINL Z013 $74/ n65,5195: Invewaf: f- 5 Zw @ML z'a'Harn/@g HENRY II. DANIELS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

COMBINATION-PADLQCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 431,336, dated July 1,1890.

Serial No. 313,991. (Model.)

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY I-I. DANIELS, a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a resident of the city of Cincinnati, in the county ofIlamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Combination-Padlocks, of which the following is aspecification.

The several features of my invention and the various advantagesresulting from their use, conjointly or otherwise, will be apparent fromthe following description and claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figurel represents a side elevation of a padlock embodying my invention. Fig.2 is a vertical central section of the said padlock, taken in the planepassing through the longitudinal center of the staple, those portions ofthe staple exterior to the body or shell of the padlock being shown inelevation. Fig. 3 is a top view of the shell of the padlock, the coveror lockingdisk which fits down upon said top being removed. Fig. 4 is avertical central section of the shell of the padlock and the aforesaidcover, the latter being shown separated from the shell, the sectionbeing taken through the center of the holes or openings which receivethe shan ks of the staple. Fig. 5 is a side clevation of the dial-plate,its shank and intervening connections, and the chambers which,respectively, inclose the tumblersol the lock, only that portion of thedial-shank which projects above the said tumblers being shown. Fig. (5is a top view of one of the disks and its tumbler and of the tumbler-chamber and the adjacent portion of the shell of the padlocksurrounding said chamber. Fig. 7 is a top View of one of the tumblersdetached. Fig. 8 is a top View of one of the disks. Figs. E), l0, ll,and 12 are bottom views of the rcspective disks employed in thecombination. Fig. 13 represents a view in perspective of the shank ofthe indicating-dial, and showing on the shank the respective studs orcarriers for respectively rotating the tumblers. Fig.

l la is a top view of the disk, whose bottom is shown in Fig. ll.

A indicates the shell of the padlock. shell is preferably cylindrical inshape.

ll indicates the staple provided with Shanks b ZJ', said shanks enteringthe padlock.

This

-position consists of a screw-thread d3, formed on its periphery andengaging a corresponding screw-thread on the interior of the recess E ofthe shell A. The partition a is also provided with openings a2 a2, andthe cover D is provided with openings d CZ. Through these openings a2d', respectively, pass the shanks b b of the staple B.

The index dial or disk C is located at that end of the padlock which isopposite where the staple enters, and preferably constitutes, as shown,that end or head of the padlock, and the figures for said combinationand for unlocking the padlock are placed preferably upon the peripheraledge of this disk. The disk carries the shank C, which latter passesthrough the center of the tumbler-disks, tumbler-rings, andtumbler-chambers of the padlock. chambers are prevented from sliding inthe cylin'der in the direction of the length of the latter by beingsecurely held between the partition c of the padlock-shell on the oneside and the bed or wall C2 belongin to the disk C on Athe other.

The dial-disk C is preferably provided with a shoulder C. The lower edgeof the padlock-shell A rests'against the inner face ot' the dial C, andthe shoulder C of the dial Alits closely wit-hin the said shell A of thepadlock. By these means the padlock-shell A and the dialdisk C arefirmly held together and cannot be displaced. That portion of the shankC4 which extends above and beyond the tumblers and tumbler-chambers ispro vided with a screw-thread. This screw-t h readed portion of theshank CLL passes through the opening a4 and projects beyond thepartition d. That port-ion of the shank C4 which thus projects beyondthe partition d receives an annular nut C5, which is screwed upon theshank C"l and occupies the recess co3 in the upper part of the partitiona. To prevent this nut` being unscrewed when the dial C is turned tounlock the padlock any suitable means may be employed, the preferredmeans These disks, tumblers, and tumblerl IOO upon the shank OLindependently of the lat? ter. In other Words, the key C9 compels theannular nut C to turn with the shank O4 and prevents the nut fromunscrewing from the shank C4 when the dial C is turned. The number oftumblers employed in the combination-lock of this padlock may be variedfrom two to any desired number. The number preferably employed is four,and the tum- 4bler-chambers for the tumblers are respectively designatedon the drawings by the letters G, H, I, and J. (See Fig. 5.)

Suitable means are employed for preventin'g the chamber-tumblers fromrotating. A novel and convenient means is yshown in the drawings. Eachof the tumbler-chambers G, H, I, and J is provided at its periphery witha transverse recess or depression. S, cut therein, substantially asshown in Figs. 5 and 6. The inner side or wall of the padlock-shell Ai-s provided with a ridge, feather, or equivalent projection S, parallelto the axis of the shell, and this projection or ridge S fits into therecess S of the tumbler-chambers. The ridge S', being stationary,prevents the chambers further rotating wit-hin the shell. Thesechambers, therefore, while being capable of b eing removed from theshell by sliding laterally within the shell when the dial-disk has beenremoved, are,\vhen in working position within said shell, stationarytherewith. Each tumbler-chamber receives a tumbler K. Each of thesetumblers is made substantially' alike, and each of them is provided withlike novel means, in connection with a central disk of each tumbler, forconveniently and quickly changing the combination of the lock. Each ofthe tumbler-chambers is recessed at two points on its interior, and`each of the tumblers K is likewise recessed at two points f f on itsouter edge. One of the recesses f fits the adjacent recess k on one sideof the shank C4 of the dial-disk, and the other recess f tits the otherrecess Zr. on the other side ot' the shank CA1 of the dial-disk. Each ofthese recesses is preferably of asemicircular torm, and the combinationof the recess la and the recess f forms a circular hole which receivesone of the shanks b b of the staple l5. Each of the shanks Z1 b of thestaple B is provided with recesses Z22 h2, into which the edges of theadjacent tumblers re'- spectively enter, when the staple l is adjustedin the padlock and the latter is locked.v

It. will be observed that a plane passing throughthe axes of the holes f7cA will pass to the side of the axis of the shank C4, which latter axismay be considered the axis of the padlock. This arrangement of theseholes in relation to the axis'of the padlock is intentional, I havinginvented it for preventing the concave openings f of the tumblers fromcoinciding with the openings k of the tumbler-carriers more than once inan entire revolution of the tumbler. Vere this arrangement not present,the openings f of a tumbler would coincide with the openings 7.5 of thepadlock twice in the course of a revolutionvof a tumbler,therebyallowing the said openingsf of the tumblers to be more readilycaused to coincide with the openings k of the tumbler and the lock to bemore readily opened. The lock in such event could be opened oncombinations other than the one on which it. was set. My novelarrangement of the openingsf' 7c so that a plane passing through theiraxes is to one side the axis of the shank C4 prevents what may be termedfalse setting of the tumblers and the disadvantages resulting therefrom.

For the purpose of enabling the tumblerchambers to always be adjusted inrelationv to one another in the proper position, and for retaining themin a proper position in relation to each other after they have beenadjusted, I provide'two pins k2 7a2. Each of these pins is fixed in thelower or end tumblerchamber J, and is received in holes or openings 763in the other tumblers, substantially as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5and by solid lines in Fig. 6. By placing the tumblers I H G in theirrespective order upon the chamber J, the pins 7s? being within therespective holes k3 of the tumblerchambers, the tumblerchambers will bein a proper position relatively to 011e another, and can only rotate, itat all, together. Their joint rotation is prevented by means of therecess S, heretofore described, and which, when the tumblers are placedwithin the shell A of the padlock, engages the ridge or feather S of thesaid shell A.

In locking and unlocking the lock the tumblers operate in substantiallythe same manner as do the tumblers of other Well-knowncombination-locks.

'lhe mode and means whereby the combina- TOO IIO

tion of dial movements may be changed are novel and exceedingly simple,and permit the combination `to be quickly and readily changed. Thisnovel means for changing the combination will now be described. Each ofthe tumblers is compound, and consists of the annular ring IWI and thetumbler-disk N. Each of these disks is provided with a stop or abut-vment n. These stops n are of a curved descriptiomconcentric with thedisk to which they belong, and are of varying length, the longest of thefour disks shown,'namely, in Eig. 9, being of a complete circle, withthe eX- ception of the interval n2, which latter in the present instanceis ot' about the width of the opening a3 in said disk. The ends of thesestops or abutments a', as the dial G and the shank C4 are turned,respectively come into contact with the respective adjacent studs orcarriers C5 on the said shank C4. As the stops n are ot differentlengths, it is obvious that the disk N (shown in Fig. l2) may, togetherwith its ring F, rotate nearly an entire revolution before its abutmentn comes into contact with the said stud or carrier C5 ot the shank C4 inline therewith. The disk shown in Fig. ll, with its annular ring F, canrevolve a less distance before its abutment n comes into contact withthe stud or carrier C5 ot said shank C4 in line therewith, and the diskM (shown in Fig. 10)` will revolve a still less dis-` tance before itsabutment n strikes the corresponding stud or carrier C5 on the shank C4.The disk N (shown in Fig. 9) and its annular ring F will be immediatelyrevolved by dial-shank C", as the adjacent carrier or stud C5 on thelatter will immediately impinge against one or the other ends ot theabutments yn ot said disk M. Each of the disks is provided with anopening n3, for the purpose ot allowing the disks, with their annularrings, when aboutto be placed upon the shank C4, to be passed down saidshank and the studs or carriers C5 without impediment. These openings n3n3 will also allow the disks, with their annular rings, to be withdrawnfrom the shank C4 for any purpose desired, and the lock thus to be takenapart. Each of the annular rings F is provided with a series of nichesor depressions f2, and the spaces between these niches bear any desiredligure or character. Each of the disks N is provided with a stud or bossnl, adapted to engage in any one of the niches or depressions f2 of itsrespective annular ring F. This stud n4 projects from and beyond theperiphery ot the disk. This stud al can be placed in any one ot` theniches f2 of the annular ring of the disk N, at the same time fittingclosely within the opening-in said ring and forming, together with thesaid ring, a solid compound tumbler. By turning the stud fa* to adepressionV or niche between any two ot' the figures the point at whichthe tumbler will be turned during the rotation of the next dial and itsshank C4 will be altered. In this way the time and point at which thevarious tumblers will coincide, so as to enable the openings 7a in theirrespective peri phcries to coincide with the openings f of thetumbler-ehambers, will be fixed. ln setting the tumblers the followingfacts must be borne in mind. The preferred mode in which the tumblersare to be marked is shown, and is as follows: One tumbler carries agiven number of figures or characters equal to the number of notches f2ofthe tumblerring F. These numbers are placed on' the ring. One tumbler,having the disk shown in Fig. l2, carries the odd numbers from l to,say, for illustration, 23. The next or second tumbler, having the diskshown in Fig. ll, carries the even numbers from 2 to 24. The next orthird tumbler, having the disk shown in Fig. l0, carries the odd numbersfrom l to 23, and the next or fourth tumbler, having the disk shown inFig. 9, carries the even numbers 'lirst disk.

from 2 to 24. Each tumbler-disk carries two arrows pointing around thedisk in opposite directions. Each of these arrows points to a mark. Forturning to the left put that mark ot the disk which is indicated by thearrow that points to the left opposite the iigure on the tumbler atwhich it is desired to set the tumbler.v By waybf illustration, take the(Shown in Figs. S and l2.) This disk, on account of its abutment being anarrow on e-viz., substantially asingle line*- the disk will carry butone mark 015, and both of the arrows will point thereto, as shown. Nowtake the second disk-viz., that shown in Figs. 11 and 14. As itsabutment n is -quite wide, two lines n a5 are present on the top of thedisk to mark the points where the ends or operatingpoints of theabutment are on the under side of this disk. Each of these marks has itsarrow, indicating by its direction which end of the abutment to choosein setting the tumbler to be properly operated by turning the shank C4of the dial, and the tumbler to a given number on the dial. The markingof the last-nanied disk as to lines a5 a5 and arrows is similarlycarried out on the succeeding disk of Figs. l0 and 9, the lines a5 a5 onthe one side of the disk respectively coinciding with the respectiveends of the abutment on the other side ot' the disk on which they (saidlines) are marked.

The mode in which the tumblers are set and operated is in general asfollows: To set the lock, for instance, we will set the iirst tumbler onNo. l by setting that mark of the disk of said tumbler designated bythearrow turning to the right on No. l, which will then correspond to oneon the index-dial when turned to the right. Now we will take the secondtumbler and set it in a similar manner on 1S, turning to the left, whichwill colrespond to 18 on theindex-dial when turned to the left. No. 3tumbler we will set on No. 3, turning the mark on the disk to the arrowto the right No. 3, as we will turn the dial to theright. Now the uppertumbler, always revolving with the dial-plate, stops on any number untilthe last two tumblers that were set, and therefore always revolving withthe dial-plate, there is but one marked disk where to set it. Now thatwe have the tumblers set, we will turn the dial-plate to the right notless than two revolutions to get the tumblers in position, and stop onNo. l, as we have it set for that. The index-dial is now turned to thelett, until the No. 1S thereon is reached, when the dial is stopped. Nowwe will turn the dial, the third tumbler to the right, and stop on No.8, and corresponding with the setting of the tumbler. The fourthtumbler, as we have said, revolves all the time with the dial-plate, andis stopped on some number between the last two numbers that have beenset. Take No. l0 and stop the dialplate on No. lO. The tumblers are allnow in a position so that the Shanks ot the staple- Should the padlock,after can be withdrawn.

IOO

lIO

the staple has been withdrawn, be locked by `1 the tumblers being turnedso that the holesV in the padlock for the reception ofthe shanks arepartly illed by atumbler or tumblers, the padlock may, by the operationof unlocking aforementioned, be quickly put vinto condition for theready insertion therein ofthe staple. Then the padlock is locked, thestaple holds together whatever is placed in its grasp, or is passedthrough it in the manner common to padlocks.

.Instead of the screw-thread d3 on they cover D and the screw-thread onthe shell A, other suitable means for securing the cover to the shellmay be employed-for instance, a bayonet or lock joint maybe employed. Itis desirable in all cases to employ means for uniting the cover andshell which shall compel ak rotation of the cover in relation to theshell in order to connect the former to or disconnect it from thelatter. In this way the insertion of the staple into the padlock willsubserve the valuable purpose of locking the cover to the shell bypreventing` the rotation of the one upon or against the other.

Vhat I claim as new and of my invention, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-

I. The shell or casing A, having xed partition or diaphragm a', providedwith holes a2 a2 for the reception, respectively, of the respective endsof the shanks ofthe staple, and the lid or cover D, provided with ascrewthread engaging a screw-thread on the shell above the partition a',and having the holes d d for the reception of the shanks of the staples,the diaphragm a', fu rnishingnon-rotatable bearings Within the shell forthe shanks to impinge against, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

2; In a combination-padlock, the shell A, provided with partitions a',having openings a2 a2 and central opening a4, and indicating disk ordial provided with shank C4, passing through opening a4, and nut C6 andcover D, having openings CZ', coincident with the openings az, andprovided on its periphery with a screw-thread engaging the screw-threadon the interior of the shell A, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

3. In a combination-padlock, the shell A, provided with partition a',provided with openings a2 a2 and central opening a, and recess o?, coverD, having opening' d', coincident with openings a2, and having externalperipheral screw-thread d3, engaging an internal screw-thread a5 of theshell A, and being provided with the recess d2, adjoining re-v cess a3of partition a of the shell, indicatingdial C, provided with shank C,engaging a nut C5, located in recess a3 cl2, said nut being providedwith a transverse channel C and containing a close-fitting key C9, whoseupper edge extends above and vbeyond the surface` of the nut C5,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a coin-bination-padlock, the shell A,

a2 a2, and a cover D, provided with openings CZ d', coincidenttherewith, for the reception of the shanks of the staple, `and havingtwo -or more tuniblers and tumbler-chambers, re-

spectively, provided With openings k f for the reception of the shanksof the staple, all `of the said openings on one side of the padlockhaving a common axis, and the axes of said openings on the two sides ofthe padlock being in a plane passing to one side of the axis of theshank C4, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. In a combination-padlock, the openings formed by the concave recessesf of the tumbler-s and the opposing concave recesses 7c of the chambersfor the reception, respectively, of the respective Shanks of the staple,the axes of these openings being ina common plane passing to one side ofthe axis of the padlock, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

6. In a combination-padlock having two or more tumblers, the tumblerconsisting of an annular ring F, provided with partly-concavedepressions j" f in its periphery, and provided with niches ordepressions fzfz, formed in the interior Wall of the said ring andbearing figures or other characters for setting the combination, andthedisk having a suitable abutment for engaging the stud or carrieroperated by the shank C4, the said disk being provided with a stud orboss n4, received into any one of the niches or depressions f2 of theannular ring when the said disk N is combined therewith, substantiallyas and for the purposes specified.

7. In a combination-padlock having two or more tumblers, the tumblerconsisting of the annular ring F, provided with nichesordepressionsf2f2, formed in the inner Wall of the said ring andbearingigures or othercharacters for `setting the combination, and thedisk having a suitable abutment for engaging the stud or carrier C5 ofthe shank C4, the said disk being provided with the stud or boss n4,received into any one of the niches or depressions f2 f2 of the annularring when the said disk N is combined therewith, substantially as andfor the purposes specified.

8. In a combination-padlock, the combination of the shell A, havingpartition a', provided With recess a3 and central opening d4, and coverD, arranged to screw Within said shell and having openings CZ d',provided with recess cl2, and engaging dial C, forming one end of thepadlock, and provided with central shank C4, having a stud or carrier C5fixed thereon, and the tumbler-chambers arranged upon the pins 7a2 k2and provided with the concave depressions 7c k', and tumblers havingexterior concave depressions f', and each consisting of an annular ring,as F, and the central disk N, Whose stud n4 engages any one of a seriesof niches at the inner edge of the ring F, and shank C4, having a notchin its upper or free end and passed through the openings f 7o andthrough the IIC opening a4 of the partition aof the shell,and engagingat its upper end with a nut C5, provided with a channel, as C, intoWhich and into thenot-ch of the shank is receivedalocking key or pin C,and the staple B, whose shanks Z1 b are respectively received into theopenings a2 of the partition a and the openings f r of the tumbler-s andadjacent tuinbler-carricrs, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

9. In a eoinbination-padlock, the con1bination ot' the shell A, havingpartition a', provided with recess d3 and central opening a4, and coverD, arranged to screw within said shell, and `having openings d d',provided with recess (Z2 and index-dial C, forming one end of thepadlock and provided With central shank C", having studs or carriers C5fixed thereon, and the tumbler-chambers arranged upon the pins 7a2 752and provided with the concave depressions L' 7V", and tumbler-chambershaving exterior concave depressions f', and consistin of an annularring, as F, and

a central disk N, Whose stud n4 engages any one of a series of niches atthe inner edge of the ring F, the shank C, passed through the tuniblersand through the opening of* of' the partition a ot' the shell, andengaging at its upper end with the nut C5, provided with a channel, asC, into which and into the notch ofthe shank is received a locking keyor pin C9, and the staple B, Whose shanks b h are respectively receivedin the openings ,f k of the tumblers and adjacent tumbler-carriers, thesaid openings for the reception of the shanks of the staples being solocated with reference to the axis of the padlock proper that a planepassing through the axes of the said openings will lie to one side ofthe axis of the padlock, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

HENRY H. DANIELS.

Attest:

A. S. LUnLoW, G. A. W. PAVER.

